最新发布的一份排行榜显示，全球汽车产业正在为生产更绿色的电动车迅速积聚动能。这些电动车不仅以电驱动，更重要的是，它们的制造过程采用了一系列闭环措施与脱碳材料，以在最大程度上降低成车对环境、工人与社区产生的负面影响。该项名为“Lead the Charge汽车供应链排行榜”的年度调研对全球18家汽车制造商进行了评估。
今年是该排行榜推出的第四年。它对汽车制造商在打造公平、可持续与无化石燃料的供应链方面的努力进行了排名。结果显示，大多数上榜企业在供应链清洁化方面已经迈出了初始却重要的一步。
该调研的发布方为一个由多个气候、人权与投资者团体组成的全球网络。今年的调研还发现，多家行业领头羊（包括福特、梅赛德斯、特斯拉、沃尔沃和大众汽车）正全速前行，拉开与其他竞争者的差距。与首期排行榜相比，这四家企业的平均进步幅度是其他13家企业的两倍之多。同时，它们已经开始推行多项颇具成效的行业实践，这些实践不仅实现了车体材料的脱碳，并且减少了供应链的环境破坏与人权伤害。 例如：
- 沃尔沃与梅赛德斯在钢材与铝材的脱碳上投入巨资。梅赛德斯的CLA与沃尔沃的ES90这两款新车型均标明了其低碳钢铝的使用量。
- 梅赛德斯、大众汽车和特斯拉分别发布了详细的原材料报告，对其如何防止、减少和弥补不同供应链（如锂、钴和镍）所产生的人权伤害与环境破坏进行了描述。
本期的排行榜共设88个指标，如果将每个指标下的最高分相加、形成一个虚拟的企业总得分的话，该得分将高达86%。这意味着，仅靠全面复制同行的最佳实践，单个公司就可将其总分提高至如此高度。这也印证了，生产更清洁的电动车这一目标触手可及。
研究同时发现，汽车行业里最显著的供应链发展进程几乎全部集中在电动车供应链。例如，汽车供应商会对其推出的电动车（而非内燃机）车型进行钢铝脱碳，它们也更注重加强电动车电池供应链的透明度、回收利用效率与负责任采购机制。欧美国家正纷纷在电动车的政策扶持与产业规划上发生后退，而本排行榜的发现无疑为全球的电动车行业注入了一剂强心针。同时，它也向消费者证明，除了帮助减排，购买电动车益处良多。
本期排行榜的其他发现包括：
- 在所有国家的汽车制造商中，中国企业的进步最大。一方面，吉利已经成为东亚地区得分最高的企业，不仅在电池的脱碳与回收方面展示出了多重业界最佳实践，同时在人权保护方面取得了巨大的进步。另一方面，全球最大的电动车制造商比亚迪也在多个领域开始发力，不仅出版全新的供应商守则，还设立了一项新的供应链申诉机制。
- 过半的上榜企业在电池回收与再利用方面取得了进步。它们中有些在电池设计方面加大投资，以此提高电池的可回收性，另一些则通过商业合作将旧电池重新投入储能领域。与此同时，部分公司将全新的回收技术投入市场。
- 尊重原住民权利方面，大多数汽车制造商（18家中的12家）已经开始采取行动，而在2023年，这个数字仅为六家。
- 虽然特斯拉在整体排名上占据榜首，但在供应链脱碳与负责任采购两大方面，沃尔沃和福特则分别为行业最佳。由于特斯拉与福特的强劲表现，美国公司在所有地区集团中平均得分最高。
- 比亚迪和吉利这两家中国汽车制造商与雷诺一道并列成为了本年度排行榜上进步最大的企业。
然而，本期的排行榜也显示，汽车行业在供应链绿色转型上仍然前路漫漫。即使是行业领头羊也无法在各个方面均保持稳定的表现，也没有一家企业的总分突破50%，部分汽车制造商甚至发生了退步：
- 在打造清洁供应链方面，全球最大的汽车制造商丰田仍然是行业掉队者，在排行榜底部挣扎。同样位列榜尾的还有中国国有企业广汽集团与上汽集团，两者均在钢铝脱碳与负责任矿产采购方面停滞不前。
- 作为唯一一家未能发布年度可持续报告的企业，通用汽车的排名发生了剧烈的下滑，被吉利与现代汽车超越。
Lead the Charge团队成员提供的评论：
- “By pushing for improvements across a variety of issues, electric vehicle makers are demonstrating that they have the ability to help transform mineral supply chains. As influential buyers, they can steer the mining industry towards practices that respect Indigenous Peoples’ rights, workers, human rights, and the environment.” – Ellen Moore, Mining Program Director at Earthworks
- “This year’s leaderboard shows that cleaner, more responsible supply chains are becoming the norm rather than the exception for carmakers. That shift didn’t happen on its own. The EU’s green rules have turned sustainability from a nice-to-have to the price of entry. The Batteries Regulation requires carmakers to trace key battery materials and take action on related risks if they want to sell cars in Europe.” – Franziska Gruning, Raw Materials Officer with T&E
- “The SIRGE Coalition acknowledges modest but meaningful progress on Indigenous Peoples’ rights in this year’s automaker Leaderboard. While overall scores remain low, eight automakers improved their performance and the sector’s average score rose by three percent compared to last year, signaling growing recognition of Indigenous Peoples’ rights at the policy level. For the first time, automakers with no commitments to Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and Indigenous Peoples’ rights are in the minority.Yet, these commitments have not translated into tangible action and respect for rights on the ground. Across supply chains and transition mineral mining, concrete implementation lags far behind corporate policy statements. The auto industry must now pivot from recognizing rights to operationalizing them.The SIRGE Coalition will continue pressing automakers to demonstrate meaningful implementation, accountability, and respect for Indigenous Peoples’ rights where impacts are occurring.” – Galina Angarova, Executive Director of the Securing Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in the Green Economy (SIRGE) Coalition.
- “Steel is one of the largest contributors to automakers’ Scope 3 emissions, yet many East Asian automakers, including Hyundai Motor and Kia, still lack clear, steel-specific decarbonization roadmaps. Compared to global best practices, they have not established time-bound targets for green steel adoption or credible implementation mechanisms.At the same time, the absence of a globally aligned green steel definition further weakens accountability. To ensure credibility, green steel definitions must align with IEA principles and prioritize transparent, verifiable, and physically achieved emissions reductions. As trade measures such as the EU’s CBAM increasingly link carbon intensity to market access, steel decarbonization is no longer just an environmental issue but a matter of competitiveness.” – Heather Lee, Steel Team Lead with Solutions For Our Climate (SFOC)
- “At a time when critical mineral extraction continues to drive environmental damage and human rights abuses, the poor performance of some automakers is unacceptable. With an industry average score of just 25%, and some companies failing basic due diligence, the human and environmental costs remain severe.Box-ticking audits are not enough. Automakers must go beyond formulaic compliance and scale up targeted, supply chain-specific actions that create real impact. Policymakers, especially in major consumer markets, must enforce strong, mandatory regulations to ensure minimum standards across the industry.This year’s Leaderboard shows that meaningful progress is achievable and already demonstrated by leading companies. There is no justification for leaving producing countries and affected communities to shoulder the burden of the transition alone” – Eric Ngang, Program Director with Afrewatch International
- “Transparency is a cornerstone of companies’ international human rights obligations to conduct ongoing human rights due diligence, and investors have increasing expectations that companies provide key information in this regard. Disclosure from companies on their human rights diligence, in particular, is critical information for investors to make prudent and sustainable decisions” – Aaron Acosta, Program Director at Investor Advocates for Social Justice
- “This year’s leaderboard demonstrates it is possible to disclose more granular data on supply chain practices and emissions, catalyzing a race to the top. Ford, Volvo and Mercedes set the curve and demonstrated how much climate laggards like Toyota have fallen behind. To remain competitive, other automakers must disclose disaggregated emissions and sourcing information on their steel, aluminum, and battery supply chains.” – Abhilasha Bhola, Director of the Auto Supply Chain Campaign, Public Citizen
- “By rejecting weak systems that drive a race to the bottom like the Consolidated Mining Standard, automakers can demonstrate their commitment to human rights and the environment. The European Union and U.S. are rolling back human rights and environmental protections to fast-track mining projects. Automakers must join civil society and demand high road mining practices. While voluntary mining standards cannot replace the need for strong legislation, they can improve mining industry practices and reduce automakers’ vulnerability to financial risks and supply chain disruptions.” – Chelsea Hodgkins, senior ZEV policy advocate with Public Citizen’s Climate Program.
- “Consumers don’t want to drive over climate destruction or human rights abuses. More than 56,000 people — including 70 of Hyundai’s own shareholders — are calling on the company to clean up its supply chain. The Leaderboard gives consumers and investors the facts they need to make informed choices, showing which automakers are driving real change — and which are simply stalling.” – Nish Humphreys, Campaigns Manager at Ekō
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- “While this year’s leaderboard shows improvements in battery recycling disclosure, far more quantitative and qualitative data are urgently needed from all automakers. Companies must both know—and show —how much battery-grade material they are recovering, and how they are protecting communities’ right to know across this expanding supply chain” – Lien De Brouckere, Global Batteries Lead, Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA)
- “The latest Lead the Charge Leaderboard makes it clear that industry leaders, such as Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, and Geely automakers, are making significant investments in incorporating low-carbon steel and aluminum into the vehicles they sell, not just in sustainability reports. The Leaderboard exposes just how far behind other automakers are in meaningfully addressing the embodied emissions from steel and aluminum in their vehicles. As automakers drag their feet on committing to low-carbon steel and aluminum, they send a signal to suppliers that pollution from fossil fuel-fired blast furnaces and smelters is still acceptable. Hopefully, the latest Leaderboard findings will be a wake-up call to laggard automakers to clean up their steel and aluminum supply now or risk falling even further behind their competitors.” – Matthew Groch, Senior Director at Mighty Earth
- “As the Trump administration attempts to roll back U.S. climate policy and vehicle emission standards, it is more important than ever for automakers to advance global efforts to clean up their supply chains while continuing to produce electric vehicles,” 表示：“欧洲汽车制造商的整体平均分仅提高2%，可谓进步寥寥，令人失望。这使得北美的汽车制造商全面超越了它们的欧洲竞争对手。 Katherine García, Sierra Club Clean Transportation for All Director. “The auto industry thrives on regulatory certainty, and the current administration is once again throwing the industry into disarray. This year’s Lead the Charge analysis shows that greater EV adoption and advancing more sustainable and responsible supply chains are not mutually exclusive. In fact, growing the EV market can serve as a catalyst for clean and equitable supply chains. Automakers have the power to lead us toward a healthier, more sustainable future.”
- “To maintain their credibility as part of the solution to the climate crisis, the electric vehicle industry must strengthen their human rights due diligence, including by pushing mining companies in their supply chains to respect the rights of communities, end environmentally destructive practices, and decarbonize. As Climate Rights International has documented in Indonesia, the world’s largest producer of nickel, the consequences of the rush for battery minerals can be disastrous for local communities and the climate, including land grabbing, severe air and water quality pollution, attacks on environmental human rights defenders, and the buildout of new captive coal plants to power the nickel industry. But it doesn’t have to be this way. Electric vehicle companies have unique leverage to demand that the minerals used in their supply chains are mined and processed in an environmentally sustainable and rights-respecting way and could position themselves as global leaders in the fight against climate change if they step their due diligence.” – Krista Shennum, Senior Researcher, Climate Rights International
- “Such win on positive progress the automakers have made in recent years addressing deforestation risks, strengthening due diligence, and improving transparency across their supply chains. These signals show growing recognition of the importance of responsible sourcing and nature-related risk management. However, important gaps and shortfalls remain, and further improvements are needed to ensure consistent, comprehensive implementation. Investors require greater certainty that these efforts will translate into long-term value creation, and robust action to protect nature is a critical component of that confidence.” – Jasmine Puteri, Rainforest Foundation Norway
关于本排行榜：
- 本排行榜上，公司的满分设为100%。该打分方式不仅能够体现不同汽车制造商之间的差距，还能显示单个汽车制造商在生产清洁车辆的表现上是否达到了排行榜的预期。
- 本排行榜共设88项指标，共计1584个数据点。所有指标分属于两个大项：“无化石燃料以及可持续与环保的供应链”与“尊重人权与负责任采购”。两个大项分别拥有四个单项，它们各自代表了供应链里的不同问题。
- 今年的排行榜上，所有18家企业的平均总分为25%，没有一家企业的总分达到或超过50%。特斯拉的总分最高，为49%。福特与沃尔沃以45%与44%分列第二与第三。中国企业上汽集团的得分最低，仅为3%。
